Computer Languages and It's Classification

In previous post, we have already studied about Classification of Digital 

Computer and Generation of computers. Now we are going further.... 

Computer Languages -

• Generally, we use languages like English, Hindi, Telugu etc., to form communication between two persons. That means, once we want to form communication between two persons we'd like a language through which persons can express their feelings. Similarly, once we want to form communication between user and computer or between two or more computers we'd like a language through which user can give information to computer and vice versa. When user wants to offer any instruction to the pc(computer) the user needs a selected language which language is understood as computer-oriented language . 

• User interacts with the pc using programs which programs are created using programming languages like C, C++, Java etc., 

• Computer languages are the languages through which user can communicate with the pc by writing program instructions. 

• Every programming language contains a group of predefined words and a group of rules (syntax) that are wont to create instructions of a program. 

Computer Languages Classification -

Over the years, computer languages are evolved from Low Level to High Level Languages. within the earliest days of computers, only Binary Language was wont to write programs. the pc languages are classified as follows...

     

Computer Languages

 Low Level Language (Machine Language) -

• Low Level language is that the only language which may be understood by the pc . Binary Language is an example of low level language(LLL). Low level language is additionally referred to as Machine Language. The binary language contains only two symbols 0 & 1. All the instructions of binary language are written within the sort of binary numbers 1's & 0's. A computer can directly understand the binary language. Machine language is additionally referred to as machine language . 

• Because the CPU directly understands the binary language instructions, it doesn't requires any translator. CPU directly starts executing the binary language instructions, and takes very less time to execute the instructions because it doesn't requires any translation. Low level language is taken into account because the First Generation Language (1GL).

Advantages:- 

• A computer can easily understand the low level language (LLL).

• Low level language instructions are executed directly with none translation. 

• Low level language instructions require very less time for his or her execution. 

Disadvantages:-

• Low level language (LLL) instructions are very difficult to use and understand. 

• Low level language instructions are machine dependent, meaning a program written for a specific machine doesn't executes on other machine.

 • In low level language, there's more chance for errors and it's very difficult to seek out errors, debug and modify. 

Middle Level Language (Assembly Language):-

Middle level language may be a computer-oriented language during which the instructions are created using symbols like letters, digits and special characters. programming language is an example of middle level language. In programming language , we use predefined words called mnemonics. code instructions in low level language (LLL) are replaced with mnemonics and operands in middle level language. But computer can't understand mnemonics, so we use a translator called Assembler to translate mnemonics into binary language. Assembler may be a translator which takes assembly code as input and produces machine language as output. 

Advantages:- 

• Writing instructions in middle level language is simpler than writing instructions in low level language. 

• Middle level language (MLL) is more readable compared to low level language. 

• Easy to know , find errors and modify.

 Disadvantages:- 

• Middle level language is restricted to a specific machine architecture, meaning it's machine dependent. 

• Middle level language must be translated into low level language. 

• Middle level language (MLL) executes slower compared to low level language. 

High Level Language:-

• High level language may be a computer-oriented language which may be understood by the users. High level language is extremely almost like the human languages and have a group of grammar rules that are wont to make instructions more easily. Every high level language have a group of predefined words referred to as Keywords and a group of rules referred to as Syntax to make instructions. High level language is more easier to know for the users but the pc can't know it . High level language must be converted into low level language to form it understandable by the pc . We use Compiler or Interpreter to convert high level language (HLL) to low level language. 

• Languages like COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC, C ,C++, JAVA,PYTHON etc., are the samples of high level languages. These programming languages use human understandable language like English to write down program instructions. These instructions are converted to low level language by the compiler in order that it are often understood by the pc . 

Advantages:- 

• Writing instructions in high level language (HLL) is more easier.

• High level language  (HLL) is more readable and understandable.

• The programs created using high level language  (HLL) runs on different machines with little change or no change. 

• Easy to know , create programs, find errors and modify.

 Disadvantages:-

• High level language must  (HLL) be translated to low level language. 

• High level language  (HLL) executes slower compared to middle and low level languages.

Understanding Computer Languages:-

• The following figure provides few key points related to the computer languages. 

    

Computer Languages

Observations :-

• From the above figure, we will observe the subsequent key points... 

• The programming languages like C, C++, Java etc., are written in High level language which is easier for the developers. 

• High level language  (HLL) is more closer to the users. 

• Low level language is more closer to the pc . Computer hardware can understand only the Machine Language (Low Level Language ).

• The program written in high level language must be converted to low level language to form communication between the user and therefore the computer. 

• Middle level language isn't closer to both user and computer. We can consider it as a mixture of both high level language and low level language.